Sehar Mukhtar

  What is PTE? PTE stands for Pearson Test of English Definition : • Pearson Test of English (PTE) provides secure English language testing for study applications worldwide, and for visa applications for work and migration in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, and Canada. What makes PTE different?  Machine scoring = accurate, fast, objective scores • The first completely computer-based English test • test 'international' English, not just British or American • Convenient, friendly test centers • Convenient, friendly test centers • Practice tests for maximum confidence on test day PTE Academic • The fast two-hour English test, accepted for study worldwide, migration or work. Now recognized for Canada's SDS study applications. PTE Tests: • PTE Academic • UK visa tests • PTE Core (coming soon) Academic Test format: 1-Speaking and Writing • 2-Reading • 3-listening UK visa Test: Second English language Test(Selt) for UK visas and citizenship. UK test Types: • PTE academic UKVI • P...

  RULE 7 AND RULE 8 RULE 7 Plural Nouns Nouns that are plural in form  but singular in meaning, such as news, measles, mumps, physics, electronics, tactics, economics and so on, usually take singular verbs. EXAMPLE News is travelling faster than ever before . Physics has fascinated my hostel mate for months. WORDS  ENDING IN “ICS” : Some nouns ending in -ics (such athletics, statistics and politics) are Considered singular, when refer- ring to organized body of knowledge when referring to individual facts qualities or activities. Example : Athletics provide good recreation. (i.e, various games) Athletics is required of every student. (i.e, participation in games) RULE 8: LINKING VERB + SUBJECT A linking verb usually agrees with its subject, not with its complement. Example : Excessive absences were the reason for his failure. •The reason of his failure was excessive absences.

  80 Correction Rules No.6 Rule 6: Or, Either-or, Neither nor If the subject consists of two singular words connected by or, neither-nor, and either-or, the subject is singular and requires a singular verb. Example : OR •Saira or Sara has the swimming suit. Example: Either-or •Either October or November is a good vacation month. Example: Neither- nor • Neither our Accounts Department nor our Head Office has a record of the transaction. • Neither the radio nor the television was in working order.

  Rule 5: either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also •If the sentence is made up of both singular and plural words connected by either- o, neither-nor, not only but also, the verb agrees with the nearer part of the subject. Examples: Neither- Nor 1.       Neither the quality nor the prices have changed. 2.       Neither the quality nor the price has changed.   Examples: Not Only- But Also 1.       Not only the headmaster but also the teachers are in favor of the expansion of the school. 2.       Not only the headmasters but also the teacher is in favor of the expansion of the school.   Examples: Not Only- But Also 1.       Not only the headmaster but also the teachers are in favor of the expansion of the school. 2.       Not only the headmasters but also the teacher is in favor of the expansion of th...

  Rule 4: Use of with, as well as and Including   Words like with, together with, along with, beside, as well as, including, in addition to do not effect the number of verbs. If the first subject is singular a singular verb is required. If the first subject is Plural a Plural verb is required. Examples: Singular subjects 1.            The television, "along with" the cabinet "is" to be sold 2 . Mrs. Paul, "with" her son and daughter, "is" going to theater this evening 3. Our chief competitor, “as well as" ourselves, "is" going to increase prices. 4. The decoration of the room," including the carpets and furniture, "is" most pleasing. Examples :Plural Subjects 1.            The televisions, "along with" the cabinet "are" to be sold. 2. Both Parents, "with" her son and daughter, "are" going to theater this evening. 3. Our chief competitors, "a...

  RULE 3: PLURAL SUBJECT>> PLURAL VERB Subjects joined by "and" are usually plural and take plural verbs. Example: His typewriter and my radio were stolen. Example : Ahmed and Ali are going to Karachi today.   EXCEPTION : If a subject consisting of two singular nouns connected by and refers to the same person or thing, a singular verb is used. Example: My best friend and advisor has changed his mind again. Here the subject is treated as singular because both qualities are found in one person. Example: Cornflakes and milk "is" our Sunday breakfast. EACH, EVERY, MANY A When two subjects connected by and are preceded by each, every or many a, a singular verb is used. Example: Each man and boy is expected to meet his obligation. Example: Every shirt, tie and coat is marked for reduction Example: Many a girl is going to school.

  English Correction Rules   Rule 2: Verb agree with Subject   •         Ensure the verb agrees with the true subject and not with an intervening plural object of a preposition or any other intervening plural. Example: •         Example: The box of Nestlé’s chocolates is missing   (Here the true subject is box and not Nestlé’s chocolates   is the object of preposition of) •         Example :His experience as teacher   to boys and girls gives him understanding .   “His” is the Subject so verb will be “Gives” •          •         Example: The prices of new model vary from town to town. Subject= Prices verb =Vary

  Gender Studies Introduction : Gender Development means the evolution and blooming of a gender in society. Both nature and nurture have an important role in this regard. To know what is the role of nature and nurture in prevailing gender classification in society we have to analyze each one of them separately. Role Of Nature in Gender Development The role of nature in gender development can be understood from the following facts. Hereditary Differences: Both male and female possesses a number of hereditary differences, some of which are present at the time of birth while others appear upon reaching the age of puberty. For example heredity causes girls to reach puberty earlier than boys. Likewise boys have slightly higher visual-spatial abilities than girls and girls have slightly higher verbal abilities than boys. Role Of Hormones: Hormones have also a major role in this regard. They give gender specific characteristics to a person. For example hormone causes boys to...

  80 Correction Rules Rule 1: Subject Verb Agreement Make a verb agree in number with in subject, make a pronoun agree in number with its antecedent Singular subjects take singular verbs Example: The list of spare parts was long. (Singular list-was) Plural subjects take plural verbs Example: The lists of spare parts were long.(Plural lists-were) Antecedents : Singular antecedents are referred to by singular pronouns Example: Even animal has its own territory. (animal-its) Singular plural antecedents are referred by plural pronouns Example: Even animals has their own territory. (animals their) Plural Exceptions : A plural verb is always required after “You” even when it is used in singular, referring to one person . Example: You were very happy during my stay with you . Note : •“S” Added to a noun indicated the plural form but “S” added to a verb indicates the third person Singular •Example: She favors the move.(She as a third person singular) •They favor the Move. ( They -Third pe...

  Tenses Definition : Tenses denote the time of action. They show when the work is done. Types: ·        Present Tense ·        Past Tense ·        Future Tense ·          Present Tense Type: ·        Present Simple ·        Present Continues ·        Present Perfect Simple Present:                      It is used to denote scientific facts, universal truths and work done on daily basis. ASSERTIVE RULE: ·        sub + V1+s/es + object ·         Example She writes a letter. ·        Note: He, She, it >> s/es ·        Note: I we...